Legal Documents Required When Buying Land in Kenya
Buying land in Kenya is one of the most important financial decisions many people make whether you’re a first-time buyer, an investor, or a diaspora Kenyan. To avoid costly delays, fraud or registration rejections, you must prepare and verify the correct legal documents before making any payment.
1. Original Title Deed (or certified copy)
The title deed is the central proof of ownership. Always ask to see the original title deed and compare names, title number and parcel details against an official registry search. If the seller cannot produce the original, demand a certified copy from the Lands Registry. Never accept photocopies alone. The Lands Registry lists the title deed as necessary for transfers and registration.
2. Official Land Search / Registry Extract
An official land search (central registry or county search) confirms the registered owner, encumbrances (mortgages/caveats), and recent transfers. You can request this via the national portals (Ardhisasa / eCitizen) or at the Lands Registry. Always obtain a stamped, recent search before signing or paying.
3. Sale Agreement (signed & witnessed)
A detailed sale/purchase agreement sets out price, deposit, payment schedule, completion timeline, conditions precedent and remedies for default. The agreement should be prepared or reviewed by a licensed advocate and include clear dispute resolution terms and timelines for transfer and registration.
4. Land Control Board (LCB) Consent (if applicable)
For agricultural or “controlled” land, LCB consent is mandatory before registration. The Land Control Board (Form 1) must review and approve the transaction. Transfers submitted to the Lands Registry without LCB consent are rejected. Both buyer and seller (or their authorized representatives) typically attend the LCB or submit a properly executed Power of Attorney.
5. Transfer Instruments & Conveyancing Documents
These include the Transfer Instrument (signed by the seller), the Form(s) required by the Lands Registry for lodging transfer, and any supporting affidavits. Your advocate prepares and lodges the executed transfer for registration once payment and other conditions are met. The Lands Registry publishes standard transfer requirements.
6. Survey Plan / Registry Index Map (RIM) & Route Sketch
A licensed surveyor’s plan and Registry Index Map (RIM) confirm boundaries and prevent future boundary disputes. Survey documents are required for subdivision, change of user or where the registry needs boundary verification. Ensure the surveyor’s reports match the title description and that the RIM is attached when requested.
7. KRA PIN Certificates, National IDs & Passport Photos
The Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) PIN for both buyer and seller is required for stamp duty and registration. Copies of national ID / passport and recent passport-sized photos are routinely requested by the Lands Registry and county offices. Have certified copies available.
8. Valuation Report, Stamp Duty & Clearance Receipts
Before registration, the land must be valued (for stamp duty calculation), and stamp duty paid. The registry requires proof of payment (stamp duty receipt), rates clearances (where applicable) and any other statutory fees. Keep all receipts as part of the transaction record.
9. Power of Attorney / Company Documents (if applicable)
If a party acts through a Power of Attorney (POA), the POA must be valid, stamped and registered. For corporate buyers/sellers, supply certificate of incorporation, board resolutions authorising the transaction, and company PIN. Many county LCBs and registries require company documentation for review.
10. Additional Approvals (where necessary)
Depending on the land type and location you may need: environmental clearances (NEMA), county planning approvals (PPA-1 for subdivisions), or sectoral permits. Confirm with the county physical planning office early to avoid surprises.
Final thoughts & CTA
Completing a land purchase in Kenya requires careful documentation and the involvement of licensed professionals; a surveyor, conveyancing advocate and, where needed, county officials. If you want a verified title check, guided sale agreement drafting, or help coordinating LCB and registry steps, Thuo Gitau Lands Investments Company Ltd can manage the entire process and protect your investment.
